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What is Southern Africa knowledg
MDG Targets
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What is Millennium
Development Goals
The Millennium Development Goals and targets come from the
Millennium Declaration, signed by 189 countries, including 147
heads of State and Government, in September
2000
(link to Millennium Declaration)
and from further agreement by member states at the 2005 World
Summit (Resolution adopted by the
General Assembly
-
A/RES/60/1,
link to Resolution).
The goals and
targets are
interrelated and
should be seen
as a whole. They
represent a
partnership
between the
developed
countries and
the developing
countries
"to
create an
environment - at
the national and
global levels
alike - which is
conducive to
development and
the elimination
of poverty".
(United Nations)
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Millennium Development Goals:
Progress on sanitation and drinking water
Goal 7 of the millennium development goals is
aimed at ensuring environmental sustainability.
Target 3 of goal 7 aims to halve
the proportion of the population without
sustainable access to safe drinking water and
basic sanitation by 2015. The 2010 progress
report on sanitation and drinking water indicate
an insufficient progress towards halving the
MDGs by 2015 ( UNICEF, 2010).
Click
here
to access the previous reports.
According to UNICEF, at the current rate of
progress, the world will miss the MDG target by
13 percentage points. Globally, 2.6 billion
people lack improved sanitation facilities. By
2015 there will be 2.7 billion people without
access to basic sanitation. The figure below,
shows that the most of the countries in
Sub-Saharan Africa and in Asia are not on track
to meet the MDG target.
Source: Progress on sanitation and
drinking-Water 2010 (UNICEF)
Urban – Rural Disparities
In Sub-Saharan, the use of improved
sanitation facilities is low at an overall 31%.
With a striking disparity between urban and
rural areas.
Source: Progress on sanitation and
drinking-Water 2010 (UNICEF)
Read more
on the water and sanitation progress. To view
progress by country information visit
this link.
Goal 7. Ensure
environmental
sustainability,
Target 7.C:
Halve, by 2015,
the proportion
of people
without
sustainable
access to safe
drinking water
and basic
sanitation,
Indicator: 7.9
Proportion of
population using
an improved
sanitation
facility
Source:
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg/Data.aspx
|
Country
|
|
1990
|
1995
|
2000
|
2005
|
2008
|
Angola
|
Total
|
25
|
30
|
40
|
50
|
57
|
|
urban
|
58
|
60
|
70
|
80
|
86
|
|
rural
|
6
|
7
|
11
|
15
|
18
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Botswana
|
Total
|
36
|
44
|
50
|
57
|
60
|
|
urban
|
58
|
63
|
67
|
72
|
74
|
|
rural
|
20
|
25
|
31
|
36
|
39
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DRC
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
urban
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rural
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lesotho
|
Total
|
32
|
31
|
29
|
28
|
29
|
|
urban
|
29
|
30
|
35
|
39
|
40
|
|
rural
|
32
|
31
|
28
|
25
|
25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Madagascar
|
Total
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
11
|
|
urban
|
14
|
14
|
15
|
15
|
15
|
|
rural
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Malawi
|
Total
|
42
|
47
|
50
|
54
|
56
|
|
urban
|
50
|
50
|
51
|
51
|
51
|
|
rural
|
41
|
46
|
50
|
55
|
57
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mauritius
|
Total
|
91
|
91
|
91
|
91
|
91
|
|
urban
|
93
|
93
|
93
|
93
|
93
|
|
rural
|
90
|
90
|
90
|
90
|
90
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mozambique
|
Total
|
11
|
12
|
14
|
15
|
17
|
|
urban
|
36
|
36
|
37
|
37
|
38
|
|
rural
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Namibia
|
Total
|
25
|
27
|
29
|
31
|
33
|
|
urban
|
66
|
64
|
63
|
61
|
60
|
|
rural
|
9
|
11
|
63
|
15
|
17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Seychelles
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
urban
|
|
|
94
|
96
|
97
|
|
rural
|
|
|
|
|
|
South Africa
|
Total
|
69
|
71
|
73
|
75
|
77
|
|
urban
|
80
|
81
|
82
|
83
|
84
|
|
rural
|
58
|
59
|
61
|
64
|
65
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Swaziland
|
Total
|
|
48
|
49
|
53
|
55
|
|
urban
|
|
60
|
60
|
61
|
61
|
|
rural
|
|
45
|
46
|
50
|
53
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tanzania
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
urban
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rural
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zambia
|
Total
|
46
|
47
|
47
|
47
|
49
|
|
urban
|
62
|
61
|
60
|
59
|
59
|
|
rural
|
36
|
38
|
40
|
41
|
43
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
Total
|
43
|
43
|
44
|
44
|
44
|
|
urban
|
58
|
57
|
57
|
57
|
56
|
|
rural
|
37
|
37
|
37
|
37
|
37
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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SANITATION PROGRAMMES IN
SOUTHERN AFRICA
Source: Water Research
Commission (2009)
The WHO/UNICEF Joint
Monitoring Programme gathers information on the
access that people have to water and sanitation
in developing countries. Characteristics have
been identified of those countries that are ‘on
track’ to achieve the millennium development
goals and those that are ‘off-track’ (WRC,
2009).
Characteristics of
‘off-track’ countries include:
- External
support agencies
drive water and
sanitation
sector
activities
- NGOs provide
services yet
coordination is
weak and
programmes are
off-budget
- A good
diagnosis of
water linkages
at a central
level, but a
poorer
understanding at
decentralised
levels
- Water tends to
be a high
priority, though
in practice,
sufficient
governance to
implement
policies is weak
(DFID, 2005).
Characteristics of ‘on-track’
countries include:
- Government
drives water and
sanitation
sector reform
- Government
expresses the
linkages between
water, poverty
and economic
development in
high-level
policy
frameworks
- NGOs act as
effective
supporters, and
help to drive
water as a
policy issue.
- There is
active
implementation
of the policies
relating to
water and
sanitation
sector reform
- Issues of
effective
decentralisation
are weak
relative to the
other water
sector
governance
factors (DFID,
2005).
Related Publications
What will it take to achieve the
millennium development goals?
Based on a review of 50
country studies, this Assessment finds that the
resources and know-how necessary to achieve the
MDGs exist. Acceleration of progress over the
next five years will need to focus on continuing
proven strategies, policies and interventions
and making a radical break with those that do
not work.
There have been noticeable
reductions in poverty globally. Significant
improvements have been made in enrolment and
gender parity in schools. Progress is evident in
reducing child and maternal mortality;
increasing HIV treatments and ensuring
environmental sustainability.
While there are welcome
developments in the global partnership, where
some countries have met their commitments,
others can do more. At the same time that the
share of poor people is declining, the absolute
number of the poor in South Asia
and sub-Saharan Africa is
increasing. Countries that achieved rapid
reductions in income poverty are not necessarily
making the same progress in gender equality and
environmental sustainability.
Lack of progress in reducing
HIV is curtailing improvements in both maternal
and child mortality. Moreover, attention to the
quality of education and health services may
have suffered in the rush to extend coverage.
MDG progress is also
threatened by the combination of high food
prices and the impact of the international
financial and economic crisis. Economic growth
declined in many countries, along with a
reduction in foreign direct investment,
remittances, as well as a fall in exports and
tourist numbers, which led to significant job
losses.
Sustained poverty and hunger
reduction is at risk because of vulnerability to
climate change, particularly in the area of
agricultural production. Weak institutional
capacity in conflict and post-conflict
environments slows MDG progress. Rapid
urbanization and growth in slum dwellings are
putting pressure on social services.
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