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MDG Targets

What is Millennium Development Goals

The Millennium Development Goals and targets come from the Millennium Declaration, signed by 189 countries, including 147 heads of State and Government, in September 2000 (link to Millennium Declaration) and from further agreement by member states at the 2005 World Summit (Resolution adopted by the General Assembly - A/RES/60/1, link to Resolution). The goals and targets are interrelated and should be seen as a whole. They represent a partnership between the developed countries and the developing countries "to create an environment - at the national and global levels alike - which is conducive to development and the elimination of poverty". (United Nations)

Millennium Development Goals: Progress on sanitation and drinking water

Goal 7 of the millennium development goals is aimed at ensuring environmental sustainability. Target 3 of goal 7 aims to halve the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015. The 2010 progress report on sanitation and drinking water indicate an insufficient progress towards halving the MDGs by 2015 (UNICEF, 2010). Click here to access the previous reports.

According to UNICEF, at the current rate of progress, the world will miss the MDG target by 13 percentage points. Globally, 2.6 billion people lack improved sanitation facilities. By 2015 there will be 2.7 billion people without access to basic sanitation. The figure below, shows that the most of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and in Asia are not on track to meet the MDG target.

Source: Progress on sanitation and drinking-Water 2010 (UNICEF)

Urban – Rural Disparities

In Sub-Saharan, the use of improved sanitation facilities is low at an overall 31%. With a striking disparity between urban and rural areas.

Source: Progress on sanitation and drinking-Water 2010 (UNICEF)

Read more on the water and sanitation progress. To view progress by country information visit this link.

Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability, Target 7.C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation, Indicator: 7.9 Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility

Source: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg/Data.aspx

Country

 

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

Angola

Total

25

30

40

50

57

 

urban

58

60

70

80

86

 

rural

6

7

11

15

18

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Botswana

Total

36

44

50

57

60

 

urban

58

63

67

72

74

 

rural

20

25

31

36

39

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DRC

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

urban

 

 

 

 

 

 

rural

 

 

 

 

 

Lesotho

Total

32

31

29

28

29

 

urban

29

30

35

39

40

 

rural

32

31

28

25

25

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Madagascar

Total

8

9

10

11

11

 

urban

14

14

15

15

15

 

rural

6

7

8

9

10

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Malawi

Total

42

47

50

54

56

 

urban

50

50

51

51

51

 

rural

41

46

50

55

57

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mauritius

Total

91

91

91

91

91

 

urban

93

93

93

93

93

 

rural

90

90

90

90

90

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mozambique

Total

11

12

14

15

17

 

urban

36

36

37

37

38

 

rural

4

4

4

4

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Namibia

Total

25

27

29

31

33

 

urban

66

64

63

61

60

 

rural

9

11

63

15

17

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Seychelles

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

urban

 

 

94

96

97

 

rural

 

 

 

 

 

South Africa

Total

69

71

73

75

77

 

urban

80

81

82

83

84

 

rural

58

59

61

64

65

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Swaziland

Total

 

48

49

53

55

 

urban

 

60

60

61

61

 

rural

 

45

46

50

53

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tanzania

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

urban

 

 

 

 

 

 

rural

 

 

 

 

 

Zambia

Total

46

47

47

47

49

 

urban

62

61

60

59

59

 

rural

36

38

40

41

43

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Zimbabwe

Total

43

43

44

44

44

 

urban

58

57

57

57

56

 

rural

37

37

37

37

37

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SANITATION PROGRAMMES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

Source: Water Research Commission (2009)

The WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme gathers information on the access that people have to water and sanitation in developing countries. Characteristics have been identified of those countries that are ‘on track’ to achieve the millennium development goals and those that are ‘off-track’ (WRC, 2009).

Characteristics of ‘off-track’ countries include:

- External support agencies drive water and sanitation sector activities

- NGOs provide services yet coordination is weak and programmes are off-budget

- A good diagnosis of water linkages at a central level, but a poorer understanding at decentralised levels

- Water tends to be a high priority, though in practice, sufficient governance to implement policies is weak (DFID, 2005).

Characteristics of ‘on-track’ countries include:

- Government drives water and sanitation sector reform

- Government expresses the linkages between water, poverty and economic development in high-level policy frameworks

- NGOs act as effective supporters, and help to drive water as a policy issue.

- There is active implementation of the policies relating to water and sanitation sector reform

- Issues of effective decentralisation are weak relative to the other water sector governance factors (DFID, 2005).

Related Publications

What will it take to achieve the millennium development goals?

 

Based on a review of 50 country studies, this Assessment finds that the resources and know-how necessary to achieve the MDGs exist. Acceleration of progress over the next five years will need to focus on continuing proven strategies, policies and interventions and making a radical break with those that do not work.

There have been noticeable reductions in poverty globally. Significant improvements have been made in enrolment and gender parity in schools. Progress is evident in reducing child and maternal mortality; increasing HIV treatments and ensuring environmental sustainability.

While there are welcome developments in the global partnership, where some countries have met their commitments, others can do more. At the same time that the share of poor people is declining, the absolute number of the poor in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa is increasing. Countries that achieved rapid reductions in income poverty are not necessarily making the same progress in gender equality and environmental sustainability.

Lack of progress in reducing HIV is curtailing improvements in both maternal and child mortality. Moreover, attention to the quality of education and health services may have suffered in the rush to extend coverage.

MDG progress is also threatened by the combination of high food prices and the impact of the international financial and economic crisis. Economic growth declined in many countries, along with a reduction in foreign direct investment, remittances, as well as a fall in exports and tourist numbers, which led to significant job losses.

Sustained poverty and hunger reduction is at risk because of vulnerability to climate change, particularly in the area of agricultural production. Weak institutional capacity in conflict and post-conflict environments slows MDG progress. Rapid urbanization and growth in slum dwellings are putting pressure on social services.

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